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Research . 2026
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Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The GHZ-Fano Game is a Complete Self-Test: Linear Robustness from PSL(2,7) Symmetry

Authors: Buckley, Ian R. C.;

The GHZ-Fano Game is a Complete Self-Test: Linear Robustness from PSL(2,7) Symmetry

Abstract

This paper proves that the GHZ-Fano game — a nonlocal game on seven constraints defined by the Fano plane PG(2,2) acting as the constraint graph of the GHZ stabiliser group — is a complete self-test: any quantum strategy achieving the maximum winning score must be locally unitarily equivalent to the GHZ state (|000⟩ + |111⟩)/√2 with Pauli measurements {σ_z, σ_x} for each party. The proof proceeds in four exact steps: A sum-of-squares (SOS) certificate {K_i = √(2/7) P⁻_i} whose common kernel is span{|GHZ⟩} — the state self-test. Fano incidence forces anti-commutation {M^Z_P, M^X_P} = 0 on each party's local observables. Jordan's lemma decomposes each party's Hilbert space into 2-dimensional Pauli blocks. Irreducibility of the M_2(ℂ) representation identifies each block with (σ_z, σ_x). All four steps hold for arbitrarily large (possibly infinite-dimensional) Hilbert spaces. The state self-test achieves linear robustness 1 − F ≤ 0.875ε rather than the generic √ε scaling. This follows from the uniform spectrum of the Fano constraint operator on the complement of |GHZ⟩ — itself a consequence of the transitive action of PSL(2,7) on the seven Fano lines. As a corollary, the game provides a device-independent protocol for certifying the Steane [[7,1,3]] stabiliser code without trusting the measurement apparatus. Keywords Self-Test, Nonlocal Games, GHZ State, Fano Plane, PG(2,2), PSL(2,7), Sum-of-Squares Certificate, Linear Robustness, Device-Independent Certification, Steane Code, [[7,1,3]] Code, GHZ Stabiliser, Anti-Commutation, Jordan Lemma, Quantum Entanglement, Bell Inequality, Quantum Verification, Origami ISA, W(5,2), Symplectic Polar Space, Quantum Error Correction

Keywords

Self-Test, Bell Inequality, Anti-Commutation, Sum-of-Squares Certificate, Fano Plane, Jordan Lemma, PG(2,2), Steane Code, [[7,1,3]] Code, Symplectic Polar Space, Nonlocal Games, W(5,2), Origami ISA, GHZ State, Linear Robustness, PSL(2,7), Quantum Entanglement, Quantum Error Correction, GHZ Stabiliser, Device-Independent Certification, Quantum Verification

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average