In the modern era of globalization and technological advancement, the demand for highly qualified engineering specialists with strong foreign language skills has significantly increased. For students majoring in Electrical Engineering, listening comprehension competence is particularly important, as professional knowledge is often acquired through spoken discourse such as lectures, technical presentations, online tutorials, and international conferences. This article explores the theoretical foundations of listening comprehension competence and examines its role in the professional training of Electrical Engineering students. The study analyzes linguistic, psychological, and pedagogical perspectives on listening comprehension and highlights its position within communicative competence. Furthermore, the article discusses profession-oriented listening instruction, the challenges posed by technical terminology, and the pedagogical value of authentic audio materials. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that systematic and professionally oriented listening instruction contributes to the development of communicative competence and professional readiness of future electrical engineers.