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Formulation And Characterization Of Nose-To-Brain Delivery Of Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) Via In Situ Nasal Gel: A Promising Approach For CNS Disorders

Authors: Pravin Manohar Borse*, Rutuja Khanderav Daund, Nikhil Rajendra Burkul, Lalan Wagh, Avinash Darekar;

Formulation And Characterization Of Nose-To-Brain Delivery Of Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) Via In Situ Nasal Gel: A Promising Approach For CNS Disorders

Abstract

Central nervous system disorders impose a substantial global health burden, and therapeutic management remains limited by the blood-brain barrier and poor oral bioavailability of neuroprotective agents. Intranasal administration offers a non-invasive route that bypasses the blood-brain barrier through direct olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways, and represents a scientifically well-supported strategy for delivering pharmacologically active compounds to the brain. Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), a widely documented Ayurvedic medicinal plant, contains triterpenoid saponins known as bacosides, which have demonstrated neuroprotective, memory-enhancing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in several preclinical and clinical investigations. The present study aimed to formulate and characterize a Bacopa monnieri extract-loaded in situ nasal gel for enhanced nose-to-brain delivery. Brahmi extract was prepared by Soxhlet extraction using 70% v/v ethanol, yielding 8.4% w/w dry extract with confirmed saponin and flavonoid content. Four formulations (F1 to F4) were prepared by the cold method using Poloxamer 407 as the thermosensitive gelling base, combined with Carbopol 934 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) at varying concentrations. All formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, viscosity at 25°C and 34°C, and drug content by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Formulation F3, containing 16% w/v Poloxamer 407, 0.4% w/v Carbopol 934, and 0.5% w/v HPMC K4M, demonstrated the most favourable profile overall: a pH of 5.9 ± 0.1, pre-gelation viscosity of 96 ± 5.8 cP, post-gelation viscosity of 3,820 ± 110 cP, and drug content of 97.4 ± 0.9%. The findings suggest that this formulation approach provides a physically stable, pharmacologically loaded, and physiologically compatible platform for brain-targeted intranasal delivery in CNS disorders including Alzheimer's disease and memory impairment.

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