This article presents the identification of cognitive and psychoemotional disorders in patients with currently widespread vascular dementia. Vascular dementia is manifested not only by a decrease in cognitive functions, but also by psychoemotional disorders of varying degrees in patients. In particular, such patients often experience depression, anxiety, emotional lability, apathy, and aggressiveness. This has a serious negative impact on the patient's quality of life, social adaptation, and treatment effectiveness. However, in practice, the assessment of psychoemotional disorders is often based on subjective approaches, and standardized and comprehensive methods are not sufficiently used. This leads to errors in diagnosis, difficulties in making a differential diagnosis, and limitations in drawing up an individual treatment plan. Psychoemotional disorders play an important role in pathogenesis and directly affect the course, progression, and rehabilitation process of the disease. Therefore, their assessment based on a scientifically sound, systematic and comprehensive approach is one of the priority tasks in clinical practice.The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanisms of methodological assessment of psychoemotional disorders in vascular dementia, develop clear diagnostic criteria and introduce them into clinical practice.