Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide and frequently results in extensive loss of tooth structure requiring restorative treatment.¹ Restoration of posterior teeth with extensive mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity preparations presents a significant challenge in restorative dentistry because such preparations considerably weaken the remaining tooth structure.²˒³ The fracture resistance of a tooth is greatly influenced by the amount of remaining sound tooth structure. Loss of marginal ridges and supporting dentin during cavity preparation results in increased cuspal deflection, reduced stiffness, and greater susceptibility to fracture under occlusal loading.³˒⁴ Previous studies have shown that MOD cavity preparations significantly reduce the fracture strength and rigidity of posterior teeth.³˒⁴ Posterior teeth are continuously subjected to compressive, tensile, shear, and torsional forces during mastication. Therefore, restorative materials used in stress-bearing posterior regions should possess adequate mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and resistance to functional loading.²˒⁵ Premolars are considered more susceptible to fracture because of their anatomical morphology and steep cuspal inclinations. Their position in the dental arch subjects them to considerable occlusal stresses during mastication, making them suitable for in vitro fracture resistance studies.⁵˒⁶