Pandu Roga is a well-described disease entity in Ayurveda characterized predominantly by pallor of skin and mucosa, weakness, fatigue, and reduced vitality. The clinical manifestations of Pandu Roga closely resemble Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA), which is one of the most prevalent nutritional disorders worldwide. In Ayurveda, Pandu is considered a Pitta- pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi involving mainly Rasa and Rakta Dhatu. Improper dietary habits, impaired digestion (Agnimandya), and vitiation of Doshas lead to defective formation of Rakta Dhatu, resulting in Panduta (pallor). Modern medicine defines iron deficiency anaemia as a condition characterized by decreased hemoglobin concentration due to insufficient iron availability. This review aims to analyse the etiopathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management of Pandu Roga in correlation with iron deficiency anaemia using both Ayurvedic and modern perspectives. The review also highlights Ayurvedic therapeutic approaches including Nidana Parivarjana, Shodhana, Shamana Chikitsa, and Rasayana therapy.