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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Scaling MOND with Z

Authors: Zimmerman, Carl;

Scaling MOND with Z

Abstract

The MOND acceleration scale as the cosmic dynamical acceleration: a scaling–MOND cosmology and its bridges to the dark sector We examine the proposal that the Milgromian acceleration scale is the cosmic dynamical accel- eration, a0 = c 2 √Gρc = cH(z)/Z with Z = 2√8π/3 ≃ 5.789. The evolving-scale hypothesis itself is Milgrom’s (2014); our contribution is an explicit covariant realization of it and a proof of its CMB-safety. Algebraically a0 = cH/Z re-expresses the long-known coincidence a0 ≈ cH0 through the Friedmann relation; its coefficient-free consequence is that the scale evolves, a0(z) = a0(0) E(z). Fitting a0 ∝ E(z)p to the recent compilation (SPARC; Vărăşteanu 2025; MUSE–DARK III 2026) gives p = 0.80 ± 0.17; constant a0 is excluded at 5σ in the nominal fit, but a jackknife and an inter-method systematic (the 1.7σ discrepancy between the two near-coincident local anchors) re- duce this to ≃ 2σ, so we treat the trend as a suggestive hint, not a detection. Working from the Aether–Scalar–Tensor (AeST) action we promote the scale to the aether expansion, a0 = cθ/3Z, and show by order-counting—reinforced by the identity δq00 = 0 that survives perturbing the aether itself—that a0 is absent from the linear cosmological perturbations; the running therefore leaves the linear CMB and P (k) exactly invariant, which we confirm by direct integration of the Einstein–Boltzmann system (rs = 144.3 Mpc, ℓA = 301.7). We are explicit about the bound- aries: the O(1) coefficient Z is a posit; the Standard-Model constants do not follow; and the apparent-a0 evolution is itself reproduced by ΛCDM hydrodynamic simulations, so the amplitude alone does not discriminate. The one prediction that does—a redshift-weakening external field effect, η= gext/a0(z) ∝ 1/E(z), distinct f

Keywords

COSMOLOGY, MOND

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average