The study analyzes the dynamics of mineralization and morphometric changes in the basins of the Aral Sea during the period from 2002 to 2017. Significant differences in the salt composition of the western and eastern basins were identified, determining the specific features of bottom sediment formation. Based on expedition data, the necessity of shifting from monitoring to active landscape management has been substantiated. The research findings provide a scientific foundation for the development of technologies aimed at fixing mobile sands and salts, which is critically important for preventing toxic dust storms and stabilizing the environmental situation in Karakalpakstan.