Abstract: The synthesis of 2-aminothiophene derivatives has attracted significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. The Gewald reaction, a multicomponent condensation involving carbonyl compounds, activated nitriles, and elemental sulfur, remains one of the most efficient routes for constructing this important heterocyclic scaffold. However, conventional methods often suffer from limitations such as prolonged reaction times, harsh conditions, and environmental concerns. In recent years, nanocatalyst-mediated approaches have emerged as a promising alternative, offering enhanced efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in the use of nanocatalysts for the Gewald reaction. Various classes of nanocatalysts, including metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, MgO, TiO₂, ZrO₂), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄-based systems), supported nanomaterials, and organo-functionalized nanohybrids, have been discussed in detail. These nanocatalysts provide high surface area, tunable acid–base properties, and excellent recyclability, leading to improved reaction yields and reduced reaction times under mild conditions. Furthermore, their compatibility with green solvents and energy-efficient techniques such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation aligns with the principles of green chemistry.The review also highlights mechanistic insights, catalytic performance comparisons, and practical challenges such as catalyst stability and scalability. Overall, nanocatalyst-mediated Gewald reactions represent a sustainable and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 2-aminothiophenes, with significant potential for future industrial and pharmaceutical applications.