The Star-Moon Conjecture is a number-theoretic conjecture inspired by astronomical observations. In a distant galaxy, $t$ planets orbit a star with prime periods $P_1=2,P_2=3,P_3=5,\ldots,P_t$ days. A mysterious satellite obscures the $i$-th planet on observation day $d$ if $d \equiv R_i \pmod{P_i}$ or $d \equiv -R_i \pmod{P_i}$, where $R_i = N \bmod P_i$ and $N$ is a lucky number. In this paper, we present a rigorous proof of this conjecture within the framework of the translational tower sieve. We first introduce the concept of the set of allowed residue classes $\mathcal{R}_i$, which is the subset of residue classes modulo $Q_i$ defined by the congruence conditions $\not\equiv \pm N \pmod{P_j}$ ($j\le i$), and it has an exact Cartesian product structure. Then we construct a base interval $B=[1,Q_t]$ (a complete residue system) and an observation interval $A=[1,L]$, where $L$ satisfies $P_t^2/2 \le L \le P_t^2 - N$, and define the total interval $U = B \cup (Q_t + A)$. Using the complete residue system property of $B$, we prove that the number of survivors on $B$ is exactly $Q_t A_t$. Using the periodic decomposition of $C = Q_t + A$, we prove that at each sieving layer, the survivors in complete periods correspond exactly to the allowed residue class set $\mathcal{R}_{i-1}$, so the deviation in complete periods is zero; for incomplete periods, by decomposing them into complete sub-blocks and a remainder, we prove that the deviation is bounded by an absolute constant $C_0 = 6$. This analysis does not rely on arithmetic progression assumptions, only on periodicity and interval decomposition. From this we establish the recurrence relation $N_i = N_{i-1}(1-2/P_i) - \Delta_i$, where $|\Delta_i| \le C_0$. Iteration yields the lower bound $N_t \ge c P_t^2/(\ln P_t)^2 - C_0 t$, which tends to infinity as $t \to \infty$, thus proving the conjecture. This conjecture directly implies classical problems such as the Twin Prime Conjecture, Goldbach's Conjecture, and Polignac's Conjecture.