This review article is dedicated to contemporary literary research concerning Sadriddin Ayni's life and creative heritage in the context of Uzbek-Tajik literary relations of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of current scientific publications, including the works of Farrukh Temirov, N.M. Hoshimova, and T.R. Rakhimova, which cover various aspects of Ayniyev's heritage - from historical-biographical data to the interpretation of his role as a transnational cultural figure. The article examines the trends in reinterpreting the figure of Ayni in the post-Soviet period, highlighting his contribution to the formation of a new literary paradigm built on humanistic values, linguistic reformism, and educational activities. It is emphasized that Ayni is perceived in modern scientific discourse as a symbol of the unity of two related literatures, whose work continues to influence the cultural identity of the region. The review was conducted to identify new research approaches and determine Sadriddin Ayni's place within the context of the transboundary literary space of Central Asia. The work contributes to a deeper understanding of literary continuity and interethnic dialogue in the region.