This study examines the changing socio-cultural landscape of the Bhil tribe in the context oftribal literature and culture. The Bhils, one of the largest indigenous communities of India,possess a rich cultural heritage reflected in their oral traditions, folk songs, myths, rituals,festivals, and traditional lifestyle. However, rapid modernization, globalization, urbanization,migration, formal education, and technological advancement have significantly influenced theirtraditional social structure and cultural identity. Tribal literature serves as an important medium tounderstand the transition from traditional values to contemporary realities. The study highlightshow Bhil literature and cultural expressions portray issues such as displacement, loss ofindigenous knowledge, economic challenges, environmental concerns, and identity crises. At thesame time, it also explores the resilience of the community in preserving its customs, language,art, and collective memory amidst changing circumstances. The paper further discusses the roleof government policies, education, media, and social movements in shaping the present conditionof the Bhil tribe. Through a cultural and literary perspective, the study emphasizes the need topreserve tribal heritage while ensuring inclusive development and social justice for indigenouscommunities in modern India.