Through an analysis of 87 studies published between 2010 and 2025, the work documents that patients with schizophrenia exhibit a reproducible pattern of gut dysbiosis: a reduction in beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and an increase in pro-inflammatory taxa such as Prevotella copri. Proposed mechanisms include disruption of the intestinal barrier, systemic immune activation, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and the shift of tryptophan metabolism toward the kynurenine pathway, which directly converges with the glutamatergic hypofunction characteristic of the disorder.Regarding interventions, multispecies probiotic supplementation showed modest but significant reductions on the PANSS scale, particularly in negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. Fecal microbiota transplantation remains in very preliminary stages.