Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
ZENODOarrow_drop_down
ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
addClaim

In Silico Structure-Based Drug Design Approach To Evaluate Quercetin And Kaempferol As Dual Inhibitors Of Jak3 Kinase And 5-Alpha Reductase Type II with ADMET Profiling

Authors: Amar Jaiswal;

In Silico Structure-Based Drug Design Approach To Evaluate Quercetin And Kaempferol As Dual Inhibitors Of Jak3 Kinase And 5-Alpha Reductase Type II with ADMET Profiling

Abstract

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a multifactorial, progressive hair loss disorder governed by two principal pathophysiological mechanisms: the androgen-mediated 5-alpha reductase type 2 (5-AR2) enzyme pathway responsible for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) biosynthesis, and the JAK3/STAT inflammatory signalling cascade that disrupts follicular immune privilege. Current pharmacological interventions, including oral finasteride (5-AR2 inhibitor) and systemic tofacitinib (JAK inhibitor), are associated with significant adverse effects that restrict long-term patient compliance, underscoring the unmet need for safer, naturally derived therapeutic alternatives — particularly those amenable to targeted topical delivery. This study employed AutoDock Vina 1.2.0 (Vina scoring function) to investigate and compare the molecular docking binding affinities and interaction profiles of two plant-derived flavonoids — quercetin and kaempferol — against human JAK3 kinase (PDB ID: 3LXK) and human 5-alpha reductase type 2 (SRD5A2; PDB ID: 7BW1), benchmarked against tofacitinib and finasteride as respective reference standards. Receptor structures were prepared in PDBQT format, grid boxes were centred over validated active sites, and exhaustiveness was set to 8 for all docking simulations. Against JAK3 kinase, quercetin exhibited the strongest binding affinity (-9.147 kcal/mol) and kaempferol demonstrated potent affinity (-8.833 kcal/mol), both surpassing tofacitinib (-8.140 kcal/mol); interaction analysis revealed extensive Pi-Alkyl hydrophobic contacts and van der Waals engagements with key active-site residues including LEU A:1030, VAL A:911, ALA A:928, and TYR A:980. Against 5-AR2, finasteride retained positional superiority (-7.797 kcal/mol), while quercetin (-6.414 kcal/mol) and kaempferol (-6.308 kcal/mol) exhibited moderate yet pharmacologically relevant binding within the established inhibitory range for polyphenolic flavonoids. In silico ADMET profiling of quercetin as the primary lead compound demonstrated a skin permeability (log Kp: -2.735) suitable for topical enhancement strategies, alongside a favourable safety profile characterised by the absence of skin sensitisation, hepatotoxicity, and mutagenicity. These findings collectively suggest quercetin and kaempferol as promising dual-target natural lead molecules warranting further in vitro enzyme inhibition assays, ex vivo skin permeation studies, and nanocarrier-based topical formulation development for the management of androgenetic alopecia.

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!