Paraiteaphila petrella sp. nov.Figs 1, 2, 4–10Diagnosis.This species is readily distinguished from other species of Paraiteaphila by the unmodified male hind femur, surstylus with downcurved setose apex and elongate epandrial lobe twice as long as the surstylus and strongly bent beyond the mid-length.Paraiteaphila petrella sp. nov. is closely related to P. italica (Loew, 1873) on the basis of their unmodified male hind femur and the elongate epandrial lobe. The new species is readily distinguished by structures of the male terminalia as outlined above.Type material.Holotype • ♂ labelled: “ Portugal: Pitões das / Júnias, Montalegre, Vila / Real, 41°49'48.70"N, 7°57'01.30"W, 27. vi. 2023, / R. Andrade, CNC 2210119 ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Paraiteaphila / petrella / Sinclair & Andrade [red label] ” (CNC). Paratypes. Portugal: • Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Castro Laboreiro, 42°00'09.3"N, 8°10'09.6"W, 31. v. 2016, R. Andrade (2 ♀, CNC); • Vila Real, Montalegre, Pitões das Júnias, 27. vi. 2023, 41°49'48.7"N, 7°57'01.3"W, R. Andrade (13 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RAPC); • same data except, 28. vi. 2023 (8 ♂, 8 ♀, CNC).Description.Wing length 1.7–2.4 mm.Male (Figs 1, 4). Head black, with black setation; occiput finely greyish brown pollinose. Eyes holoptic, with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by small triangular space just above antennae, bare, brownish pollinose. Ocellar triangle very prominent, with pair of strong ocellar setae, length shorter than postpronotal seta. Postvertical and upper postocular setae subequal in length with ocellar setae and equally strong; lower postocular setae thinner and shorter; additionally, occiput covered with numerous similar setae of different lengths on lower part. Antenna black (Fig. 5); scape short, subequal to globular pedicel, both with short setae; postpedicel rather broad at base, length slightly longer than twice basal width, strongly tapered; stylus longer than 1 / 2 of postpedicel length; apical sensillum inconspicuous. Proboscis long, projected obliquely (Fig. 5); labium about as long as head height; palpus projected parallel to labrum, about 4 / 5 th length of labrum.Thorax black in ground colour, with black setation; scutum viewed dorsally matt brown, often with 2 prominent paler vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, viewed anteriorly appearing densely brown pollinose; mesopleuron uniformly brownish grey pollinose. Proepisternum with 2–3 short brownish setae on lower part and 1 long seta on upper part. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long and 1–2 short postpronotal setae. Mesonotal setae strong and prominent; acrostichals biserial, short, lacking on prescutellar depression, length more than half length of dorsocentral setae; 5–6 uniserial dorsocentral setae, with shorter setae intermixed, increasing in length posteriorly; 1 posthumeral seta, 1–2 presutural supra-alar setae, 2 notopleural setae, 2 postsutural supra-alar setae, 1 postalar seta, 2 pairs of scutellar setae, apical pair longer.Legs entirely brownish, finely greyish pollinose. Coxae and trochanters with rather long, black unmodified setae. Fore and mid femora with row of moderately long (shorter than femur depth), uniform posteroventral setae. Fore and mid tibiae with row of prominent posterodorsal setae (subequal to tibia depth). Hind femur unmodified (Fig. 4), with row of moderately long anteroventral and dorsal setae (subequal to femur depth); single, prominent posterior seta on basal third. Hind tibia with row of erect dorsal setae (twice as long as tibia depth). Fifth tarsomere on all legs flattened; pulvilli broad, shorter than tarsal claw.Wings finely infuscate, with brownish veins (Fig. 4); 1 moderately long, black basal seta; stigma distinct, brownish, elliptical, overlapping apex of vein R 1; anal lobe very prominent, acute. Sc complete; R 2 + 3 slightly sinuous; radial fork present, V-shaped, branched slightly proximal to apex of vein R 2 + 3; distance between apices of veins R 2 + 3 and R 4 shorter than that between veins R 4 and R 5; veins R 5 and M 1 parallel before wing-apex; cell dm broad, longer than basal cells, produced apically; m-m crossvein long, M branches widely separated; dm-m crossvein concave; M 4 longer than dm-m crossvein. Apex of cell cua slightly rounded, vein CuA + CuP weak, long, ending well short of wing margin. Halter brown.Abdomen brown, paler than thorax, viewed dorsally subshiny, finely greyish brown pollinose; covered with numerous, short brown setae. Terminalia (Figs 6, 8) concolourous with abdomen, small. Hypandrium with several long setae; subtriangular, with distinct notch on base of apical prolongation; prolongation divided into pair of finger-like lobes; apex of lobes rounded and closely associated with apex of phallus; gonocoxal apodemes longer than broad, shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; postgonite slender, sickle-shaped, arched, flanking apex of phallus. Phallus slender, strongly arched with apex straight; ejaculatory apodeme laterally flattened, apex rounded. Epandrium with broad dorsal bridge; epandrial lobe twice length of surstylus, sinuous, strongly elbowed dorsally on apical third; strong, arched seta on inner margin of elbow and shorter seta distally. Surstylus with downwardly arched, setose and de-sclerotized apex; strong, hooked inner seta proximal to apex; inner apex with densely setose, inner directed triangular lobe. Cercus broad, apex tapered and rounded with long marginal setae; hypoproct well developed, clothed in strong setae, apex broad.Female (Fig. 7). Similar to male except as follows: head with shorter and sparser setation; occiput, ocellar tubercle and frons densely brownish grey pollinose. Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, with row marginal setae. Scutum viewed dorsally or anteriorly greyish brown pollinose. Femora and tibiae with short setae (except subapicals), without rows of outstanding setae; hind femur without inner, basal posterior seta. Wing with radial fork, narrower, branching well proximal to apex of vein R 2 + 3. Abdomen densely greyish pollinose, with short brownish setation; basal four segments broad, tergites rectangular and complete; segments 5–8 telescopic, much narrower than basal segments, with tergites de-sclerotized medially, often reduced to longitudinal stripes (Fig. 9). Tergite 9 + 10 widely separate medially, reduced to small triangular lateral sclerites. Cercus brownish, narrow, 3 times longer than wide. Spermatheca receptacle small, oval; duct with distal expanded region (Fig. 10).Etymology.The specific epithet petrella is derived from the Greek pétra (rock, stone), combined with the diminutive suffix - ella. The name is chosen in tribute to the second author’s brother, Pedro Andrade, whose first name shares the same etymological root, in recognition of his friendship, help and advice in revising several manuscripts over the years, and companionship during fieldwork.Distribution.The specimens were collected at two locations situated in Peneda-Gerês National Park (Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês) in northern Portugal.Remarks.In the key to species in Shamshev and Sinclair (2009), this species will lead to P. italica on the basis of an unmodified male hind femur.Ecological notes.The landscape of Peneda-Gerês National Park is dominated by granite mountain ranges, deep river valleys and plateaus, which support a mosaic of habitats, including oak woodlands (mainly Quercus orocantabrica Rivas Mart. & al. and Q. pyrenaica Willd.), riparian forests, heathlands, shrublands and mountain grasslands.In the parish of Castro Laboreiro, specimens were observed on flowers of Arenaria sp. (Caryophyllaceae) in an oak forest. In Pitões das Júnias (Fig. 3), several specimens were collected while sweeping flowers of Sedum sp. (Crassulaceae) growing on a stone wall bordering pastures. From this latter location, some fly specimens were captured alive along with some Sedum plants with the aim of photographing the living flies. In captivity, it was then possible to observe these flies feeding on the nectar of the Sedum flowers, as well as, in one instance, recording the transfer of pollen in large quantities from the anther to the wings of a male specimen as it stretched to reach the nectar, a behavior that suggests its potential to act as a pollinator of the visited flowers.