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Prevalence Study of Candida albicans infection among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Hilla, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional study

Authors: Murtadha K. Alkreami;

Prevalence Study of Candida albicans infection among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Hilla, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional study

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common disorders, known for causing several hormonal and metabolic problems that can change the vaginal environment and make patients more susceptible to opportunistic infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence rate of PCOS among the females in Hilla, Iraq, and examine its statistical relation with Candida albicans infection. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed at Al-Zahra hospital (Babylon Province) on 320 women aged 18-45 years. PCOS was determined through Rotterdam criteria (2003). On the other hand, vaginal swab samples were obtained from women and then assessed for Candida albicans by employing microscopy, Sabouraud dextrose agar culture, and germ tube tests. Results: The overall prevalence of PCOS was 29.7%, with the largest cluster of PCOS being within the 18-25 years age bracket (40.6%). Laboratory testing confirmed that 54.7% of women diagnosed with PCOS were colonized with Candida albicans infection, while the proportion among non-PCOS women was merely 17.8%. Data obtained from statistical calculations with the Chi-square test proved the presence of a highly significant association between PCOS and Candida infection (χ2 = 45.18, p < 0.001). Moreover, Candida infection was found to have a strong positive correlation with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity (34.4%, p < 0.05), insulin resistance (p < 0.01), and hyperglycemia (101.3 ± 8.7 mg/dL, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be argued that the prevalence of Candida albicans infection in women with PCOS in Hilla is relatively high. It should be noted that metabolic disorders, such as hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, can serve as a favorable substrate for the development of infections.

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