Georeferenced dataset of the resident population in 2023 for every municipality ofpeninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands, distributed as two GeoJSON files: afull-resolution version and a simplified low-resolution version. ## Files **Data** - **`pop_ES_2023_HR.geojson`** — full-resolution municipal boundaries (~150 MB).- **`pop_ES_2023_LR.geojson`** — geometry simplified with `shapely.simplify(tolerance=0.001°, preserve_topology=True)` (~18 MB, ~88 % smaller). Both GeoJSON files contain the same 8,041 municipalities and identical attributes. **Preview figures** - **`pop_ES_2023_HR.geojson.pdf`** — vector preview map rendered from the full-resolution dataset.- **`pop_ES_2023_LR.geojson.pdf`** — vector preview map rendered from the simplified dataset, provided for visual comparison with the full-resolution version. ## Attributes | Field | Type | Description ||--------------|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------|| `nombre` | string | Municipality name || `codmun_ine` | string | INE municipal code (5 digits) || `ccaa` | string | Autonomous Community || `provincia` | string | Province || `cod_nut3` | string | NUTS-3 code (Eurostat 2021 classification) || `pob_23` | int | Resident population on 1 January 2023 || `area_km2` | float | Municipal area in km² (computed in EPSG:3035) || `dens_pob` | float | Population density (inhabitants / km²) || `geometry` | Polygon / MultiPolygon | Municipal boundary | ## Coordinate Reference System - **EPSG:4258** — ETRS89 geographic coordinates (latitude / longitude in degrees).- Areas (`area_km2`) were computed after reprojecting the geometries to **EPSG:3035** (ETRS89 / LAEA Europe), the standard equal-area projection recommended by the European Environment Agency for pan-European analyses. ## Geographic coverage Mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands. The following territories of theoriginal source were excluded from this release: - Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands- Autonomous City of Ceuta- Autonomous City of Melilla The resulting dataset covers 16 Autonomous Communities, 48 provinces and50 NUTS-3 units (the province of Illes Balears is divided into three NUTS-3regions: ES531 Mallorca, ES532 Menorca, ES533 Eivissa y Formentera). ## Source and processing These files are a processed subset of the **"Cifras de Población 2023"** datasetpublished by the *Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico*(MITECO) of the Government of Spain, originally distributed as an ESRI shapefile. - Original source: <https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/cartografia-y-sig/ide/descargas/reto-demografico/datos-demograficos.html>- Original publisher: MITECO ### Processing steps applied to the original shapefile 1. Loaded `CifraPob2023.shp` with GeoPandas (8,131 municipalities).2. Removed administrative auxiliary fields: `objectid, natcode, cod_nut1, cod_nut2, cod_ccaa, cod_pro`.3. Computed `area_km2` from the geometry reprojected to EPSG:3035 and derived `dens_pob = pob_23 / area_km2`.4. Filtered out municipalities of Canarias, Ceuta and Melilla (90 municipalities removed → 8 041 retained).5. Reordered attributes to: `nombre, codmun_ine, ccaa, provincia, cod_nut3, pob_23, area_km2, dens_pob, geometry`.6. Exported to GeoJSON (full resolution and simplified versions). ## License and attribution This processed dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. The original MITECO source data are reused under their own terms; see the original publisher's legal notice for details: <https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/atencion-al-ciudadano/aviso-legal.html>