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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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A Reference Architecture for Structural AI Governance: The Three-Plane Execution Model

Authors: Rupp, Charles;

A Reference Architecture for Structural AI Governance: The Three-Plane Execution Model

Abstract

Abstract AI governance is moving from retrospective review, policy documentation, and upstream alignment toward pre-execution control. As AI systems increasingly generate, route, approve, escalate, coordinate, and execute workflow actions, governance must operate before consequential action binds. The market now contains a growing number of tools, platforms, and frameworks that claim to provide execution governance, runtime safety, admissibility, trust envelopes, agent controls, operational authorization, or evidence capture. Many of these offerings may be valuable, but they are not all solving the same architectural problem. This paper proposes a vendor-agnostic reference architecture that separates execution-boundary governance into three distinct, interoperable planes: the Signal Formatting Plane, the Adjudication Logic Plane, and the Mechanical Enforcement Plane. The model helps organizations evaluate whether a solution prepares signals, adjudicates admissibility, enforces decisions, preserves proof, or combines several of these functions. EFA contributes most directly to the Adjudication Logic Plane by offering an open reference vocabulary for justified reliance, MECHA evaluation, consequence classification, human-state viability, authority state, evidence sufficiency, and the Dimensional-Collapse Gate. EFA also informs Signal Formatting and Mechanical Enforcement through substrate admissibility, runtime enforcement, SEF records, and forensic proof. This document does not claim that one framework, vendor, or technical pattern can solve all AI governance problems. Its purpose is to provide shared architectural language for enterprise leaders, regulators, auditors, system architects, vendors, and governance professionals. Keywords AI governance; structural AI governance; execution boundary; three-plane model; signal formatting; adjudication logic; mechanical enforcement; justified reliance; runtime enforcement; evidence packs; vendor interoperability; open reference architecture; non-bypassable governance; consequence-bearing systems.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green