Global annual layers of livestock distribution of cattle, goats, sheep, horses and buffaloes at 1-km spatial resolution convering the period of 2000–2022. The layers were produced using harmonized and used as reference data (55,336 census polygons and 939,257 individual data entries), Random Forest predictive models and a large stack of multi-source harmonized gridded/raster spatial layers (128 individual raster spatial layers harmonized at 1 km spatial resolution). Modeling areas were restricted to annual layer of potential land for livestock production, derived from Landsat-based cropland and grassland extents from 2000 to 2022. Raster cell values represent number of livestock animals (headcounts) calibrated according to FAOSTAT database. The adjustment was applied individually to each country, constrainting national totals to FAOSTAT but without validate where within a country livestock are placed; the subnational allocation is modeled and should be treated as such. For subnational applications requiring high precision, users are encouraged to apply local calibration factors from national agencies rather than relying entirely on the FAOSTAT-adjusted estimates. Related resources Maps of livestock headcount for 2000—2022 (FAOSTAT-adjusted):All animals (Part-1) All animals (Part-2) Maps of livestock density for 2000—2022 (including 95% prediction interval):Cattle Goats Sheep Horses Buffaloes Livestock reference census data (2000–2022):CSV and GeoPackage files Maps potential land for livestock production for 2000—2022 (including production systems)Raster files Data catalogues:OpenLandMap STAC Google Earth Engine