The correction of occlusal anomalies through orthodontic treatment remains one of the most significant challenges in modern dentistry, as it involves not only the realignment of dental arches but also the preservation of periodontal health. Orthodontic interventions directly influence the condition of periodontal tissues due to the application of mechanical forces that trigger complex biological responses in alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and gingival structures. This article explores the relationship between orthodontic treatment and periodontal health, with particular attention to the possible risks and preventive strategies. The clinical and radiographic findings presented demonstrate how orthodontic biomechanics may lead to both positive and negative periodontal outcomes depending on patient-specific conditions and treatment approaches. The article emphasizes the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists to ensure long-term functional and aesthetic stability.