Abstract The study aim was to evaluate the rainfall variability on maize production in Hai district Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. The study was guided by three research objectives to establish the state of food security among the community in Hai district, to evaluate the effects of rainfall variability on maize production in Hai District, to evaluate the existing rainfall variability adaptation strategies practiced by farmers in Hai District. The study adopted a mixed research design under which convergent parallel design was used. The study targeted population was farmers, agriculture officers and agriculture executive officers. Questionnaires, interview, and observation was used as data collection instrument, Descriptive analysis involved organizing data in terms of frequency, percentages and means where computer software that is statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 was used. Data analysis was done after making some editing to display visual results in terms of tables.