Summary This dataset contains more than 30,000 LoRa frames recorded within and around the EPFL campus in Lausanne, Switzerland. Each frame was captured by an average of 3.75 receivers using four remote radio heads (RRHs) installed on campus rooftops. Each dataset entry provides the information required for synchronization, demodulation, and decoding of a single LoRa frame. Every frame is accompanied by an IQ sample file following the standard SigMF specification [1], together with its corresponding metadata and annotations. The dataset includes both UAV-based and pedestrian measurements. For the UAV-based measurements, the start-of-frame location in the IQ samples is provided with sub-sample accuracy. For the pedestrian measurements, the provided frame start locations should be interpreted as indicative estimates. Dataset Details Recordings were captured by four RRHs deployed at the locations shown in Fig. 2 and indicated in rrh_locations.md. Each RRH consists of a USRP-2920, a Raspberry Pi 5, and a Quectel L80 GPS receiver. This deployment captures a wide range of propagation scenarios across the EPFL campus, including variations in receiver elevation, line-of-sight conditions, and urban obstructions. The dataset includes transmissions from both an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a pedestrian-carried transmitter, with transmitter velocities ranging from 0 to 5.6 m/s. Measurements are labelled according to the different area types illustrated in Fig. 2. Line-of-sight (LoS): UAV Areas 1 and 2 Non-line-of-sight (NLoS): UAV Areas 3 and 4; Pedestrian Areas 2 and 3 Partial LoS: Pedestrian Area 1, Roaming Indoor: Pedestrian Area 4 The transmitter parameters used during data collection are summarized below: Frequency 862.5 MHz Spreading Factor 7 | 10 Coding Rate 4/5 Bandwidth 125 | 250 kHz Tx Power 14 dBm Payload Length 7 | 19 B Note: Boldface values indicate the parameters used for the UAV-mounted transmitter. In addition to the synchronization parameters required for demodulation, such as carrier frequency offset, reception timestamp, and LoRa PHY parameters, each frame also includes the transmit location, transmit payload, and an SNR estimate. Dataset Entry All the keys of the dataset.csv is indicated below and Fig. 2 illustrates the spectrogram of one received frame opened with Inspectrum [2], showing the LoRa chirps with annotations. transmission_idx rrh_idx rx_sample_rate bandwidth sf cr fc payload_base64 cfo snr rx_timestamp_full rx_timestamp_frac area area_type name latitude longitude target_velocity velocity sigmf_file sigmf_file_start_time_full sigmf_file_start_time_frac sigmf_file_offset sigmf_file_n_samples File Structure dataset.csv (Dataset with all frame descriptions) load_and_plot_samples.py (Exemple to load IQ samples) rrh_locations.md (GPS positions of the four remote radio heads) zenodo_description_fig.png (An illustration shown on Zenodo description page) sigmfs (Folder containing the raw IQ samples) <Date and time of measurement 1> RRH1 1.sigmf-data 1.sigmf-meta 2.sigmf-data 2.sigmf-meta ... ... RRH4 1.sigmf-data 1.sigmf-meta 2.sigmf-data ... <Date and time of measurement 2> .... Contact For any questions related to this dataset, please contact joachim.tapparel@epfl.ch. References [1] "SigMF specification,'' Accessed: May 19, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://sigmf.org/ [2] "Inspectrum", Accessed: May 19, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/miek/inspectrum