Ireland is advancing a twin transition integrating digitalisation and decarbonisation, focusing on how data centres and other large energy users shape electricity demand and infrastructure needs. This case study examines policy frameworks, governance, and implementation challenges, highlighting Ireland’s favourable conditions—such as climate, digital connectivity, and renewable energy potential—alongside pressures on electricity grids and resources. Data centres are identified as major and growing electricity consumers, requiring coordinated policies to align expansion with national decarbonisation goals through renewable integration, grid capacity, and spatial planning. The analysis situates Ireland within the European context, where decarbonisation pathways influence infrastructure, spatial development, and local economic activity. Evidence from interviews and policy reviews indicates that effective governance depends on coordination across sectors and levels, as well as inclusive stakeholder engagement. Emerging approaches stress sustainable data centre siting, grid resilience, and equitable development. Overall, the study underscores the need for integrated governance to balance technological growth with environmental and spatial sustainability.