The Nobel Laureate Mobility Dataset v1.2 is a structured longitudinal research dataset designed to support analysis of academic mobility pathways, institutional affiliations, and geopolitical scientific mobility associated with Nobel laureates. The dataset was constructed using the Nobel Prize Open Data API (v2.1) and includes harmonised institutional and geopolitical metadata, provenance documentation structures, and reproducibility-oriented dataset infrastructure. The dataset includes Nobel laureates from: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature Economic Sciences The dataset excludes: Nobel Peace Prize records Organisational laureates Primary unit of analysis:One row = one laureate-award-affiliation event. The dataset applies conservative low-risk harmonisation only, including abbreviation expansion, formatting consistency, and semantic canonicalisation, while intentionally avoiding aggressive institutional collapsing or interpretive prestige aggregation. Included documentation: README documentation variable dictionary institution harmonisation framework country harmonisation framework cleaning decision audit log version history log methodological codebook This dataset is intended as a reusable research infrastructure resource for the study of: academic mobility institutional prestige pathways geopolitical scientific circulation elite academic reproduction higher education systems knowledge diplomacy Licence: CC BY 4.0 Primary source:Nobel Prize Open Data APIhttps://api.nobelprize.org/2.1/laureates?limit=1200