The role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in advancing environmental sustainability in India, focusing on the contribution of CSR initiatives by Indian companies toward ecological conservation and sustainable development. The study examines the alignment of corporate efforts with India’s national sustainability goals, such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and the country’s renewable energy targets. Companies like Reliance Industries, Tata Group, and Wipro have actively engaged in CSR-driven initiatives, investing in renewable energy, water conservation, afforestation, waste management, and community empowerment. The research identifies trends in CSR spending across different industries, noting that while environmental initiatives are growing, they still constitute a smaller portion of overall CSR spending, with significant variability across sectors. The study also highlights the positive impacts of CSR on local ecosystems and communities, including improved biodiversity, water resource management, and sustainable livelihoods. Finally, it examines the synergies created through multi-stakeholder collaborations between the corporate sector, government, and local communities, fostering the achievement of both corporate and national sustainability objectives. Overall, the findings suggest that while CSR in India has made notable strides in environmental conservation, continued strategic investments and long-term commitments are necessary to meet the country’s broader ecological challenges and ensure a sustainable future.