Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a tropical fruit valued worldwide for its flavor, vibrant color, and nutritional richness. Its bioactive compounds, notably polysaccharides and polyphenols, contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, supporting diverse health benefits. Recent studies highlight its potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, due to soluble proteins, litchi may trigger adverse reactions in sensitive individuals. This review explores litchi’s nutritional profile, therapeutic potential, industrial uses, and safety concerns.