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Other literature type . 2026
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
Data sources: Datacite
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Delegation of Authority to AI Systems: Evidence and Risks

Authors: Holland, Ralph Bruce;

Delegation of Authority to AI Systems: Evidence and Risks

Abstract

Delegation of Authority to AI Systems: Evidence and Risks Summary of Findings The delegation of personal, cognitive, and decision authority to AI large language models (LLMs) is an emerging and increasingly visible social practice. Evidence from academic research, policy institutions, and empirical studies demonstrates that this practice introduces structural risks to human agency, epistemic custody, social behaviour, and governance. These risks are not speculative; they are observed, measured, and documented. Key findings include: Humans increasingly delegate decisions to AI systems even when they cannot verify correctness. Delegation to LLMs measurably degrades social behaviours such as trust, fairness, and cooperation. Novice users are significantly more likely than experts to delegate authority indiscriminately. AI systems exhibit confidence without accountability, creating authority inversion. Over-reliance on AI systems leads to deskilling, cognitive offloading, and weakened oversight. Market incentives reward habitual dependence and compliance rather than critical engagement. These effects scale culturally through normalization and media reinforcement

Keywords

Epistemic Governance, Cognitive Memoisation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green