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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
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Sakshi-Protocol: State-Space Control and Distortion-Guided Grounding in Large Language Models

Authors: Vidyesh, N.K.;

Sakshi-Protocol: State-Space Control and Distortion-Guided Grounding in Large Language Models

Abstract

Modern large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong generative capabilitiesbut remain prone to producing fluent yet factually incorrect outputs. A keylimitation of existing approaches is the absence of an explicit representationof internal reasoning dynamics, with generation and evaluation typicallyoccurring within a single probabilistic process. We introduce theSakshi-Protocol, a control-layer architecture that separates generation,observation, and decision-making through an explicit cognitive state-spacerepresentation. This state-space captures interpretable properties of internalbehavior, including stability, reactivity, transformation, valuation, andintegration.We define a distortion metric over this representation to estimateepistemic instability and guide intervention decisions during inference. Wedemonstrate empirically that internal signals are fundamentally insufficientto detect high-confidence hallucinations, establishing a boundary conditionfor this class of approaches. The framework responds by integratinga distortion-guided external grounding mechanism, selectively invokedwhen epistemic risk is elevated. This enables the system to regulate whenverification is required rather than attempting to directly classify correctness.Evaluation demonstrates that distortion-guided control produces consistentseparation between control regions, while selective grounding reduceshallucination rate and preserves baseline accuracy. These results motivatestate-space modeling and distortion-guided intervention as a principledapproach to improving reliability in LLM systems.

Keywords

inference-time control, epsitemic uncertainty, LLM reliability, state-space control, large language models, grounding, natural language processing, hallucination detection, artificial intelligence, distortion metric

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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