This article examines the issues of word and phrase selection, as well as the problem of “false equivalence,” in the Uzbek translation of the novel Çalıkuşu by the prominent Turkish writer Reşat Nuri Güntekin, translated by the distinguished Uzbek writer and translator Mirzakalon Ismoiliy. The study analyzes the preservation of the author’s individual style in translation and highlights the translator’s artistic mastery. Particular attention is paid to lexical choice, phraseological units, culturally marked expressions, and semantic discrepancies that arise between closely related languages such as Turkish and Uzbek. Through comparative analysis of examples from the original text and its Uzbek translation, the article demonstrates how “false equivalents” may affect the accuracy and stylistic authenticity of literary translation. The research also explores similarities and differences in Turkish and Uzbek phraseology, emphasizing their linguistic and cultural foundations. The article serves as an introduction to a broader monographic study devoted to the theory and practice of literary translation between Turkic languages.