
This qualitative case study examines how frontline employeeswithin local public health units (LPHUs) interpret and implementa video-enabled naloxone distribution intervention acrossNorth Dakota, a largely rural state. Semi-structured interviewswere conducted with 20 representatives from 17 LPHUs that implementedONEboxes®, portable opioid overdose reversal kitscontaining nasal naloxone, personal protective equipment, andan embedded instructional video. Using an inductive, teambasedcoding process, five primary themes were identified: impacts,successes, challenges, promotion, education tactics, andcommunity reactions. Participants described ONEboxes® notonly as overdose reversal tools but also as mechanisms for communityeducation regarding harm reduction efforts such as naloxoneinterventions, stigma reduction towards opioid use andoverdose, and empowerment of community members. The embeddedinstructional video was viewed as critical in increasingbystander confidence and reducing hesitation during emergencies.
