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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Deriving the Born Rule from Discrete-Time Substrate Dynamics

Authors: Reed, Justin;

Deriving the Born Rule from Discrete-Time Substrate Dynamics

Abstract

We derive the Born rule of quantum mechanics, P(ε_i) = |⟨ε_i|ψ⟩|², from the substrate framework — a candidate ontology in which time is discrete at the Planck scale, reality has two ontological frames (continuous Frame 1 and discrete Frame 2), and a complex scalar substrate field provides a universal environment for all quantum systems. We present two complementary derivations that converge on the same result.

Keywords

Quantum physics, born rule, unified field theory, Theoretical physics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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