This study explores the development of highly efficient sorbent materials derived from sapropel deposits of the Aral region and evaluates their applicability in wastewater treatment. The physicochemical properties of raw sapropel were initially characterized, followed by the development of modification techniques involving chemical treatment and thermal activation. The adsorption performance of the synthesized sorbents was assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. The findings demonstrate that modified sapropel exhibits enhanced adsorption capacity toward heavy metal ions and organic contaminants. The proposed approach is environmentally sustainable and economically viable, highlighting its potential for large-scale implementation in water purification systems.