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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Industrial Defectivity Prediction (IDP) V6: A Two-Layer Yield Cliff Framework for Cross-Industry Mass-Production Forecasting

Industrial Defectivity Prediction (IDP) V6: 다산업 양산 수율 cliff 예측을 위한 2-layer 프레임워크
Authors: Song, Sang Bong;

Industrial Defectivity Prediction (IDP) V6: A Two-Layer Yield Cliff Framework for Cross-Industry Mass-Production Forecasting

Abstract

Version note (V6, 2026.05.06) V6 extends the V5 framework with a second-layer cliff threshold transition, introducing both single-cliff and two-cliff valley variants. The V5 first-layer information-loss correction (with Landauer-Holographic coupling) is retained unchanged. V6 adds explicit cliff-transition phenomenology and generalizes validation from semiconductor-only to nine industries. Key changes from V5: 1. Two-layer structure formalized — V5 captured maturation-driven yield attenuation through L(t); V6 adds an explicit cliff-threshold layer multiplied on top, separating two phenomena that V5 conflated. The single-cliff variant uses a sigmoid threshold; the two-cliff valley variant is structurally compatible with the Imec stochastic valley framework (De Bisschop, Leray; SPIE 2020) while extending it through V5's maturation factor. 2. Cross-industry validation expanded — V5 was validated on semiconductor only (n=55, 17 process nodes). V6 extends validation to nine industries: semiconductor (n=40), pharmaceutical (n=15), quantum computing (n=15), solar PV (n=14), battery NMC (n=14), display (n=13), defense (n=12), solid-state battery (n=12), battery LFP (n=10). Six of nine show strong fit (rho > +0.98); two-cliff variant required only for semiconductor. 3. Function-form equivalents formalized — sigmoid threshold form is universally optimal across nine industries; tanh, probit, and Hill variants admitted as doctrine-of-equivalents extensions. Tanh provides -10% improvement for battery NMC; probit provides -3 to -6% improvement for pharmaceutical and defense; Hill is uniformly inadequate. 4. Six-method validation protocol introduced — Pearson correlation, leave-one-out MAE, permutation test, function-form variation, variance inflation factor (VIF), and AIC/BIC vs NB baseline. Strong validation defined as five-of-six methods passing. 5. Honest limitations section expanded — V5 limitations focused on collinearity (resolved via f_EUV redefinition). V6 explicitly documents five additional limitations: (a) simulation-based validation pending in-house wafer/cell-level redrop, (b) VIF elevated in some industries due to t-derivation in simulators, (c) Display and Battery LFP show simulation sample-dependence, (d) two-cliff valley achieves AIC parity with Imec benchmark on semiconductor (Delta AIC +2 to +3, indicating compatibility not supersession), (e) self-referential risk in simulation generators partially mitigated but not eliminated by permutation tests. 6. Industry-specific cliff selection guidelines — single-cliff sigmoid recommended for pharmaceutical, solar, battery NMC, quantum, display, defense, battery LFP. Two-cliff valley recommended for semiconductor forecasting niche. SSB validated on V5 first-layer only (mass production not yet reached for second-layer activation). 7. Patent supplemental claims under preparation — Korean Patent KR 10-2026-0077383 (filed 2026.04.29) covers V5 first-layer and Claim 12 single-cliff sigmoid combination. PCT international filing (deadline 2027.04.29) will add supplemental claims for two-cliff valley variant, function-form equivalents, pharmaceutical industry generalization, and investment research / cross-industry strategy use cases. V6 is intended as a complementary public-disclosure forecasting tool, not as a replacement for established industry-specific in-house process control models (Imec, IBM, KLA, Synopsys, PDF Solutions in semiconductor; NREL, Argonne in battery; KIT, HZB, Imec EnergyVille in solar; FDA QbD/PAT in pharmaceutical), which retain superior precision through underlying physics-based parametrization.

Industrial Defectivity Prediction (IDP) V6 introduces a two-layer extension of the 60-year-old Negative Binomial (NB) yield model, separating an information-loss correction layer from a cliff-threshold transition layer. Two variants are presented: a single-cliff sigmoid form and a two-cliff valley form. The two-cliff variant is structurally compatible with the Imec stochastic valley framework (De Bisschop, Leray; SPIE 2020) while extending it through a process-maturation factor. Validation across nine industries (semiconductor, battery NMC, battery LFP, solar PV, display, defense, solid-state battery, quantum computing, pharmaceutical) demonstrates strong fit (Pearson rho > +0.9) in eight of nine industries, with statistically significant improvement (Delta AIC < -50) over baseline NB models in the strongest cases. The framework operates on publicly disclosed aggregate data (IEDM, SPIE, NREL Best Research-Cell Chart, Argonne CAMP, DSCC, FDA submissions, DOD/GAO reports), enabling forward-looking forecasting and cross-industry comparison without access to fab-internal wafer data. The cosmological foundation introduced in earlier versions (Landauer-Holographic coupling, k = 0.206) is retained unchanged in V6. The V6 contribution focuses exclusively on the industrial yield prediction layer extension. V6 is intended as a complementary public-disclosure forecasting tool, not as a replacement for established industry-specific in-house process control models (Imec, IBM, KLA, Synopsys, PDF Solutions in semiconductor; NREL, Argonne in battery; KIT, HZB, Imec EnergyVille in solar; FDA QbD/PAT in pharmaceutical), which retain superior precision through underlying physics-based parametrization. Honest limitations: All cross-industry validation conducted on samples drawn from public-disclosure aggregates; in-house wafer/cell-level data validation pending. The two-cliff valley variant achieves AIC parity with Imec valley benchmark on semiconductor (Delta AIC +2 to +3, indicating compatibility rather than supersession). Display and Battery LFP show simulation sample-dependence requiring real-data revalidation. Patent: Korean Patent Application KR 10-2026-0077383 (filed April 29, 2026; PCT international filing deadline April 29, 2027) covers the framework. Doctrine-of-equivalents protection includes function-form variants (sigmoid, tanh, probit, Hill). Two-cliff valley supplemental claim under preparation for PCT filing.

Version 4: Added explicit comparison with existing HDE models and expanded semiconductor yield prediction section as primary contribution. Version note (V5, 2026.04.27) V5 is a substantial redesign of the semiconductor yield model introduced in V4. The cosmological component (Landauer-Holographic coupling, k ≈ 0.206) is unchanged. Key changes from V4: Collinearity fix — The V4 information-cascade term (ΔS) was found to be strongly correlated with defect density D, providing no independent predictive signal. V5 replaces it with an EUV-fraction term (f_EUV), which is structurally orthogonal to D and identically zero on pre-EUV nodes. Learning-curve term added — V5 introduces a maturity attenuation factor L(t) to capture the 20–30pp yield variation between risk production and high-volume manufacturing — a dynamic absent from V4. Parameter reduction — Three free parameters (k, β, γ) reduced to two (θ, τ), improving parsimony and reducing overfitting risk. Expanded and cross-validated dataset — Validation extended from 11 data points (V4, in-sample only) to 55 samples across 17 process nodes with 5-fold cross-validation. V4's reported +6.9% MAE gain does not survive cross-validation (degrades ~10% vs. baseline under LOO); V5 achieves +30.1% CV-validated improvement. EUV-specific performance — V5 reduces MAE by 61.2% on the EUV node subset (7nm–2nm, n=20), where the redesigned correction is structurally active.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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