The study examined the effect of supply chain management (SCM) on performance of Pure Biotech Company Limited, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of strategic supplier partnership, inventory management and transportation management on performance of Pure Biotech Company Limited, Makurdi with performance measured through cost efficiency and service delivery. The study adopted a case study research design with descriptive survey approach. The population of the study comprised 160 employees across procurement, finance, marketing, administrative, security, stores, and production departments. A sample size of 114 was arrived at using Taro Yamane’s sampling formula Data were collected using a validated and reliable structured questionnaire. Out of the 114 questionnaires administered, 103 were retrieved and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS v.25, with t-values and p-values in regression analysis employed to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that all three predictors had significant positive effects on performance. Strategic supplier partnership showed the strongest effect (β = 0.580, t = 11.110, p = 0.000), followed closely by inventory management (β = 0.550, t = 9.580, p < 0.000) and transportation management (β = 0.520, t = 8.210, p < 0.000). The study concluded that SCM is a critical driver of performance in biotechnology operations, and that improvements in suppliers relationship, digital inventory systems, and transport management directly translate into cost efficiency and better service delivery. The study recommended that Pure Biotech should institutionalize long-term supplier development framework, deploy technology-enabled inventory systems, and strengthen transport coordination and route optimization strategies.