
Standard rote learning and grammar based approaches struggle to meet thefunctional communication needs and emotional demands of learners in 2023. Thisarticle investigates the Design-Thinking (DT), a human-centered and iterativeproblem-solving framework, in Foreign Language Teaching (FLT) context. DTmoves the focus from "what is taught" to "how the learner uses their experience oflanguage," providing a route to both higher student engagement and genuine(practical) fluency.
Design Thinking, Foreign Language Teaching (FLT), English as a Second Language (ESL), learner-centered pedagogy, communicative competence, language anxiety, affective filter, experiential learning, task-based learning, intercultural communication, creative confidence, collaborative learning, problembased learning, circumlocution, 21st-century skills
Design Thinking, Foreign Language Teaching (FLT), English as a Second Language (ESL), learner-centered pedagogy, communicative competence, language anxiety, affective filter, experiential learning, task-based learning, intercultural communication, creative confidence, collaborative learning, problembased learning, circumlocution, 21st-century skills
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