This dataset contains anonymised responses from a cross-sectional online survey examining clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, prostate cancer (PCa) screening, and shared decision-making (SDM) in Spain. The survey targeted members of the Spanish Association of Urology and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine, including both general practitioners (GPs) and urologists. The dataset includes data from 494 respondents (280 GPs and 214 urologists) and comprises 18 variables derived from a questionnaire developed and validated through a modified Delphi process. Variables capture demographic characteristics, clinicians’ knowledge of clinical guidelines, attitudes towards PSA testing, screening practices (e.g., initiation age, frequency), and the implementation of shared decision-making. Data are structured for quantitative analysis and were used to perform descriptive statistics and logistic regression to assess differences between specialties and factors associated with screening behaviours. All data have been fully anonymised in accordance with ethical and data protection standards.