This thesis analyzes the role of biodiversity in nature and human life, its importance in maintaining the stability of ecosystems, and environmental problems that negatively affect biodiversity. The impact of climate change, environmental pollution, misuse of natural resources, desertification, and the Aral Sea ecological crisis on biodiversity is highlighted. Also, the relevance of protecting biological resources is revealed using the example of Uzbekistan. The thesis puts forward practical proposals and recommendations for preserving biodiversity.