There are considered ecological peculiarity of development and structural and functional organization of the most important sensory systems of organisms (visual, hearing, olfaction and taste) and mechanism of these systems participation in the decision a series of ecological tasks: the biological isolation of species, providing of the sexual, parental and other forms of behavior, the regulation of aggression and social communication. The special attention is devoted to sensory estimation of the ecological prosperity of artificially made environment and sensory communication problems and ecological methods of managing the organism's behavior.