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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Epistemic Twins: Enabling a Symbolic Science of Language Model Knowledge

Authors: Razniewski, Simon; Ghosh, Shrestha; Giordano, Luca; Hu, Yujia; Kowalzik, Josua; Nguyen, Tuan-Phong;

Epistemic Twins: Enabling a Symbolic Science of Language Model Knowledge

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) are impactful yet opaque artifacts. At their core, they are subsymbolic constructs defined by billions of numeric weights that interact in a largely inscrutable manner. Current analysis paradigms are either black-box benchmarks that test model performance on pre-defined tasks, or mechanistic interpretability approaches that trace back outputs to specific weights.Both analysis methods are limited by the experimenter's hypothesis space - one must know what to look for to find it. In this perspective, we argue for a third, radically different analysis paradigm: Epistemic Twins. We propose constructing large-scale symbolic approximations of LLMs in human-readable formats. This enables the comprehensive materialization of factual knowledge (or beliefs) inherent in the model without predefining hypotheses, facilitating large-scale analysis and auditing towards better understanding and explainability.

Keywords

Knowledge Bases, Explainable AI, LLMs

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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