Speech development in ontogenesis is a complex, multifaceted process that reflects the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors throughout an individual’s life. This article examines the stages of speech formation from early infancy to later developmental periods, highlighting key theoretical approaches in linguistics, psychology, and pedagogy. Special attention is given to the subject and objectives of the discipline that studies speech development, including its role in identifying typical and atypical patterns of language acquisition. The research emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, prevention, and correction of speech disorders, as well as the integration of interdisciplinary methods in studying speech ontogenesis. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how speech competence is formed and its significance in cognitive and social development.