Dataset accompanying the manuscript "R Basics and Beyond: Outcomes of a Cohort-Based Online Programming Course for Health Professionals" (Nwosu et al.). Includes (i) closed-response survey data from 206 consenting post-course survey respondents (`survey_responses_quantitative.csv`); (ii) the qualitative coding codebook (`S1_codebook.csv`) and the open-ended responses with applied codes (`S2_survey_responses_coded.csv`), with potentially identifying information redacted; and (iii) the aggregated tables underlying Table 1 and Figures 1–7 of the paper.