The rise in infectious disease outbreaks highlights the urgent need for healthcare systems resilient enough to withstand large-scale public health threats. Digital health technologies (DHTs) are widely acknowledged as major enablers of this resilience; however, empirical evidence explaining how they function at the organisational and human-centred level to inform system preparedness remains limited. This study develops a socio-technical framework to examine the importance of digital health technologies in enhancing societal resilience toward infectious diseases. It specifically investigates how DHTs and knowledge sharing facilitate infectious disease readiness, with employee engagement serving as a mediating mechanism. Data were collected from 438 healthcare professionals across major institutions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings demonstrate that digital health technologies significantly improve infectious disease preparedness both directly (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and indirectly through employee engagement (β = 0.17, p < 0.001). Knowledge sharing also exerts a significant direct effect (β = 0.31, p < 0.001). The integrated model explains 58.4% of variance in infectious disease management outcomes (R² = 0.584), indicating substantial predictive power. To the best of our knowledge, this represents one of the first empirical investigations to document how digital transformation acts as an engine for societal resilience within healthcare systems. Findings carry significant implications for policymakers and health leaders seeking to enhance preparedness strategies for future public health emergencies.