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Recursively Reducible Structures in High-Genus Riemann Theta Functions

Authors: Moriyama, Masaru;

Recursively Reducible Structures in High-Genus Riemann Theta Functions

Abstract

We present the first exact evaluation of Riemann theta functions at ultra-high genus (g > 20,000), achieved under S(k,k)-type structural constraints on the period matrix. While existing approaches such as tensor-train and hyperbolic cross methods (Claeys–Seiner et al., 2023) are limited to g ~ 60 with relative error ~0.01, and the FLINT implementation (Elkies–Kieffer, 2025) provides certified precision for general period matrices at moderate genus, the present method yields exact reference values in a regime previously considered entirely intractable. While the evaluation of theta functions is generally considered intractable due to exponential complexity, we observe that period matrices admitting S(k,k)-type block decompositions (k = 2, 3, 5, …) allow recursive reduction of the effective dimensionality during evaluation. This leads to a significant departure from exponential scaling, enabling exact computation in ultra-high-dimensional regimes (e.g., g > 10⁴). The observed behavior does not rely on trivial block-diagonal factorization or classical degeneration limits, but instead suggests an intermediate class of structured period matrices that admit recursive reduction — provisionally termed recursively reducible theta structures. A key consequence of the S(k,k) family is that each base k yields a nearly disjoint series of exactly computable genera (2ⁿ, 3ⁿ, 5ⁿ, …), collectively forming a structured benchmark dataset spanning a wide range of g. This dataset provides exact reference values for validating approximation methods and constructing perturbative extensions in high-dimensional theta function research. This report focuses on the computational observation and its implications, rather than providing a complete formal classification. A supporting implementation is publicly available. 本研究では、周期行列にS(k,k)型構造制約を課すことにより、リーマンθ関数の超高次元(g > 20,000)におけるexact計算を初めて実現した実装を報告する。テンソルトレイン・hyperbolic crossベースの近似手法(Claeys–Seiner et al., 2023)がg=60程度・相対誤差0.01に留まり、FLINT実装(Elkies–Kieffer, 2025)が一般周期行列への証明付き精度を中程度の次元で提供する一方、本手法は従来完全に計算不可能とされてきた領域でのexact基準値を提供する。 一般にθ関数の評価は指数的計算量のため高次元では実質的に不可能とされてきたが、S(k,k)型ブロック分解(k = 2, 3, 5, …)を許す周期行列においては、評価過程で実効次元が再帰的に縮約される現象が観測された。これにより計算量は指数的増大から大きく逸脱し、g > 10⁴のような超高次元領域においてもexact計算が可能となる。 この挙動は単純なブロック対角化や従来の退化極限には依存せず、評価過程において再帰的縮約を許す中間的な構造クラス——暫定的に「再帰的可約θ構造」と呼ぶ——の存在を示唆するものである。 S(k,k)族の重要な帰結として、各基底kはほぼ互いに素なexact計算可能な次元系列(2ⁿ, 3ⁿ, 5ⁿ, …)を与え、これらを合わせることで広範なgをカバーする構造的ベンチマークデータセットが構築される。このデータセットは高次元θ関数研究における近似手法の検証および摂動論的拡張の基準値として機能する。 本稿は完全な理論的分類ではなく、観測および実装に基づく報告である。対応する実装は公開されている。

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