The Indian State has made a substantial constitutional commitment to guarantee universal elementary education with the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act). However, children of building construction labourers remain among the most educationally excluded groups, particularly in rapidly urbanising cities. Right to Education is realised among children of building construction labourers in Ranchi city, Jharkhand. Using a socio-legal and empirical approach, the research analyses socio-economic conditions, migration patterns, parental awareness, and institutional barriers affecting educational access. From 120 construction labour households, primary data was collected. Structured interviews taken and supplemented by secondary sources such as government reports and academic literature. The findings reveal that although school enrollment is moderately high, regular attendance and retention remain low due to migration, poverty, housing instability, low awareness of RTE provisions, and administrative barriers. RTE Act for construction labourers’ children requires flexible admission procedures, inter-departmental coordination, employer involvement, and targeted awareness programmes.