This article examines modern concepts, pedagogical approaches, and innovative methods of teaching chess within the primary education system. The study explores the effectiveness of game-based learning, the integration of digital technologies, and competency-based approaches in the instructional process. The findings indicate that early chess education significantly enhances students’ logical thinking, attention span, and problem-solving abilities. Furthermore, chess instruction contributes to the development of strategic thinking and social skills, making it an effective tool for holistic intellectual development in primary education.