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ZENODO
Article . 2024
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2024
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2024
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Hidrogeles: una revisión de su historia

Hydrogels: a review of its history
Authors: Lárez Velásquez, Cristóbal;

Hidrogeles: una revisión de su historia

Abstract

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación documental sobre las principales etapas del desarrollo de los materiales denominados hidrogeles, desde unos inicios que pudieran establecerse en las dispersiones de nanopartículas de oro y plata usadas en cristalería entre los años 290-325 D.C., cuyas formulaciones estuvieron aparentemente basadas en conocimiento puramente empírico, pasando por los hidratos líquidos y gelatinosos del ácido silícico que Graham definió como “hidrosol” e “hidrogel”, respectivamente. La etapa siguiente se desarrolló paralelamente al surgimiento de los polímeros sintéticos, aprovechándolos para la obtención de hidrogeles con características reproducibles y controladas. Posteriormente, los estudios teóricos predijeron cambios de volumen debido a transiciones de fase en estos materiales, en respuesta a algunos estímulos externos, llevando al surgimiento de los hidrogeles responsivos o inteligentes. Más recientemente, el desarrollo de diversas áreas relacionadas con su preparación y aplicación, como la química clic, las reacciones bio-ortogonales, la ingeniería genética, la nanotecnología, la bio-nanotecnología, etc., que a su vez han sido impulsadas por los hidrogeles, ha permitido obtener materiales más sostenibles, biocompatibles y con respuestas cada vez más específicas, es decir, materiales mucho más inteligentes. Por ello, para distinguirlos de sus predecesores, quizás sea conveniente en el futuro llamarlos “hidrogeles hiper inteligentes”.

The results of a documentary investigation are presented on the main stages of the development of materials called hydrogels, from the beginning that could be established in the dispersions of gold and silver nanoparticles used in glassware between the years 290-325 A.D., whose formulations were apparently based on purely empirical knowledge, passing through the liquid and gelatinous hydrates of silicic acid that Graham defined as “hydrosol” and “hydrogel”, respectively. The next stage was developed parallel to the emergence of synthetic polymers, taking advantage of them to obtain hydrogels with reproducible and controlled characteristics. Subsequently, the theoretical studies predicted volume changes due to phase transitions in these materials, in response to external stimuli, leading to the emergence of responsive or smart hydrogels. More recently, the development of various areas related to its preparation and application, such as click chemistry, bio-orthogonal reactions, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, bio-nanotechnology, etc., which in turn have been driven by hydrogels, has made it possible to obtain more sustainable, biocompatible materials with increasingly specific responses, that is, much more intelligent materials. Therefore, to distinguish them from their predecessors, it may be appropriate in the future to call them “hyper-intelligent hydrogels.”

Related Organizations
Keywords

Inicios de los hidrogeles, Materiales inteligentes, Nanohidrogeles, Química sostenible, Estímulo externo, Transición de fase

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average