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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The McGaugh Radial Acceleration Relation as a Poisson Survival Probability: A Statistical Physics Foundation for MOND

Authors: Nguyen, Dat;

The McGaugh Radial Acceleration Relation as a Poisson Survival Probability: A Statistical Physics Foundation for MOND

Abstract

For sixty years, Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) has fit galaxy rotation curves with remarkable accuracy, yet its physical origin has remained unknown. The empirical Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR) of McGaugh et al. (2016) encodes this success in a single interpolation function μ(x) = 1 − exp(−√x), where x = g_bar/g* and g* = 1.20 × 10⁻¹⁰ m s⁻². No derivation of this specific functional form from first principles has previously been given. We observe that μ(x) is mathematically identical to the Poisson survival probability P(N ≥ 1) with mean occupation ⟨n⟩ = √x. We propose that this identity reflects a physical reality: baryonic matter excites quanta of the de Sitter Lag Field with mean occupation ⟨n⟩ = √(g_bar/g*), where g* is the Bunch-Davies thermal acceleration scale derived in the companion paper (Paper 2). This identification gives the first statistical physics interpretation of MOND — the observed transition from Newtonian to modified dynamics is the transition from quantum vacuum (few quanta excited) to classical field (many quanta excited). Combined with Paper 2's derivation of g* from the de Sitter temperature, this connects all three previously disconnected components of MOND — the acceleration scale, the transition shape, and the deep-field formula — to a single physical framework with zero free parameters. The External Field Effect, a challenge for linear field theories, is shown to emerge from the concavity of √x in the Poisson activation rate without any modification of the linear field equation. The derivation of ⟨n⟩ = √x from the 12DST action in de Sitter background is identified as the key open problem, equivalent to a complete first-principles derivation of MOND.

Keywords

cosmoligical constant, MOND Modified Newtonian Dynamics Radial Acceleration Relation McGaugh Poisson statistics de Sitter space Bunch-Davies vacuum dark matter galaxy rotation curves External Field Effect 12DST cosmological constant SPARC, McGaugh Poisson statistics, statistical phase transitions, de Sitter space, MOND interpolation function, SPARC, Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR), dark matter, galaxy rotation curves, quantum vacuum excitations, Poisson statistics, external field effect, MOND, Bunch-Davies vacuum, emergent gravity, survival probability, statistical physics of gravity

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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