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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Molecular Olfaction Architecture (MOA): A Conceptual Framework for Olfactory Perception in Large Language Models

Authors: Maia, Junior;

Molecular Olfaction Architecture (MOA): A Conceptual Framework for Olfactory Perception in Large Language Models

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved multimodal perception across vision, audio, and text. Olfaction remains the only major human sensory channel without a corresponding digital input modality for LLMs. This paper proposes the Molecular Olfaction Architecture (MOA), a conceptual framework in which a molecular detection layer identifies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and passes them as structured input to an LLM, which performs semantic reasoning to produce a natural language description of the detected scent. An informal proof-of-concept demonstrates the viability of the reasoning layer. Limitations and directions for future empirical validation are discussed.

Keywords

LLM, VOC, molecular sensing, multimodal, e-nose, olfaction

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average