Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide, including in Uzbekistan. The disease has a significant negative impact on a child's quality of life, physical activity, and social adaptation. The development of bronchial asthma is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The earliest periods of life—pregnancy (prenatal), childbirth (intranatal), and the first few months after birth (early postnatal)—are crucial for the formation and "programming" of the immune system. Negative factors during these periods can significantly increase the risk of developing asthma in the future. Therefore, identifying and studying these risk factors is of great scientific and practical importance for developing effective national strategies for disease prevention.