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Simulations of European forests using PICUS v1.4 hybrid patch model

Authors: Neumann, Mathias; Erich, Nicolaus;

Simulations of European forests using PICUS v1.4 hybrid patch model

Abstract

As part of the research project OptForEU (funded over Horizon Europe), we have prepared simulations using the forest growth simulator PICUS, used here in version 1.4. Outputs of the simulations are available as csv-files. The relevant meta-information is coded into the title of each csv-file. We considered eight case study areas (CSA), up to twelve European forest types (EFT) per CSA, up to eight age classes (20-years) per EFT, and up to nine forest management practices, per EFT in a particular CSA. For details see deliverable D2.2 on "Report on new Forest Management Practices (FMP) in forest models and implications for land cover change parametrisation in climate models" https://optforeu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/OptFor-EU_D2.2_-Report-on-new-FMP-in-forest-models-and-implications-for-land-cover-change-parametrisation-in-climate-models.pdf The CSAs were: CSA1 Norway, CSA2 Lithuania, CSA3 United Kingdom, CSA4 Germany, CSA5 Austria, CSA6 Romania, CSA7 Spain, CSA8 Italy Each CSA is a region in the respective country and is limited by a shape file. The age classes were: AC1 0-20 years, AC2 21-40 years, AC3 41-60 years, AC4 61-80 years, AC5 81-100 years, AC6 101-120 years, AC7 121-140 years, AC8 >141 years The European forest types were (for details see D1.1 on "Gridded dataset of European Forest Types" https://optforeu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OptFor-EU_D1.1_Gridded-Dataset-of-EFT_rda.pdf): EFT1 boreal forests EFT2 Hemiboreal and nemoral coniferous and mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest EFT3 Alpine forests EFT4 Acidophilus oak and oak-birch forest EFT5 Mesophytic deciduous forest EFT6 Beech forests EFT7 Mountainous beech forest EFT8 Thermophilous deciduous forest EFT9 Broadleaved evergreen forest EFT10 Coniferous forest of the Mediterranean, Anatolian and Macaronesian regions EFT11 Mirne and swamp forest EFT12 Floodplain forest Note that not all EFTs were simulated in all CSAs. EFT67 represent both EFT6 and EFT7, EFT2a is a variant of EFT2 The initial forest stand conditions were created using local forest data. The climate input data was sourced from EURO-CORDEX generation CMIP5/6 downscaling experiments, based on two regional climate models, RACMO22E HADGEM2ES and HIRHAM5 HADGEM2ES. The used Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs and SSPs) were 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5. The forest management practices (FM) differed between CSAs and were derived using input by local stakeholders, for details see D2.1 on "Forest Management Practices and their relevance in case study areas" https://optforeu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/OptFor-EU_D2.1_FMP-and-their-relevance-in-CSA.pdf FM0 no management, FM1 clearcut, FM2 shelterwood, FM3 continuous cover management using single tree harvesting, FM4 continuous harvesting at low intensity, FM5 clearcut more intensive, FM6 clearcut less intensive, FM7 shelterwood more intensive, FM8 shelterwood less intensive, FM9 coppice management. Each csv-file contains as columns selected Essential Forest Mitigation Indicators (EFMI), for details see D1.2 on "Essential Forest Mitigation Indicators" https://optforeu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/OptFor-EU_D1.2_-EFMIs-_v02_20250314_BOKU.pdf column name unit verbal description Year unitless current year Growing_stock_m3_ha m3/ha standing tree volume, including bark Wood_removals_m3_ha m3/ha removed tree volume, including bark Living_carbon_stored_in_forests_tC_ha tC/ha standing live tree carbon Dead_carbon_stored_in_forests_tC_ha tC/ha deadwood carbon, lying and standing Soil_carbon_stored_in_forests_tC_ha tC/ha soil carbon Total_carbon_stored_in_forests_tC_ha tC/ha sum of living, dead and soil Carbon_stock_in_harvested_wood_products tC/ha removed tree carbon in harvested wood products LAI_m2_m2 m2/m2 leaf area index Forest_layers unitless number of forest layers Standing_deadwood_m3_ha m3/ha volume of standing dead trees Lying_deadwood_tC_ha tC/ha deadwood carbon, lying only Stand_age years current age of dominant trees Stand_density_trees_ha ha-1 current number of trees per hectare Tree_species_diversity_ShannonIndex unitless Shannon Index, calculated based on tree species diversity Relative_Shannon_orEvenness unitless Shannon Evenness, calculated based on tree species diversity Tree_species_diversity_Gini unitless Gini Index, calculated based on tree species diversity Tree_species_diversity_Spec_count unitless Number of tree species being present AnnualGrowth_m3_ha m3/ha current volume increment Management_intensity m3/ha difference of growth minus harvesting

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